If pipes are of same diameter then normal elbows are used otherwise Reducer elbows are used. These are generally coming with female threads and we can fix them by butt or socket welding also. Obviously, pipe fittings are attached to the end of pipes that allow them to change direction, control the flow, and change the diameter of the pipe. Being a non-trivial part of plumbing and piping systems, consulting us with your need is definitely advised to save yourself time, money, materials, and headaches. Unions are used as an alternative to flanges connection in low-pressure small bore piping where the dismantling of the pipe is required more often.

Lightly lubricate the thread and cone of the assembly stud and the thread of the union nut. However, the O-ring must be removed before welding, and any stray welding material must be removed from the O-ring groove and the fitting hole. Plug is a component of plumbing component which is generally used to close pipe opening during inspections and repairs. In use, the spigot of one segment was placed into the socket of the preceding one and a ring of oakum was forced down into the joint with a caulking iron. Ideally, this would be done by pouring in molten lead, allowing it to set, and hammering it tightly with a caulking tool. If this was not possible due to position or some other constraint, the joint could alternatively be filled with lead wool or rope, which was forcibly compacted one layer at a time.

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In Concentric reducer which is also known as a conical reducer, the center of both the ends is on the same axis. When the center lines of the larger pipe and smaller pipe are to be maintained the same, then concentric reducers are used.

A reducer can also be used either as a nozzle or diffuser, depending on the mach number of the flow. Dielectric unions, with dielectric insulation, separate dissimilar metals to prevent galvanic corrosion. When two dissimilar metals are in contact with an electrically conductive solution , they form an electrochemical couple which generates a voltage by electrolysis. When the metals are in direct contact with each other, the electric current from one to the other also moves metallic ions from one to the other; this dissolves one metal, depositing it on the other. A dielectric union breaks the electrical path with a plastic liner between its halves, limiting galvanic corrosion.

The cones of the assembly studs are subject to normal wear and must be checked at regular intervals with taper gauges. Each screw sleeve must be used only once for finishing assembly on the pipe; using the same sleeve again may impair its function. This instruction describes the pre-assembly of a cutting ring on the pipe in a pipe screw sleeve or assembly stud. The surfaces of steel fitting bodies, union nuts and cutting rings are protected from corrosion as standard with a CrVI-free zinc-nickel coating conforming to DIN EN 15205.

An advantage of this type of fitting is that the pipe it is connecting to does not need to be cut to a precise length; the slip joint can attach within a range of the end of the inserting pipe. Many slip fittings may be tightened or loosened by hand, for easier access to residential drainpipe systems . Because they operate at low pressure and rely on gravity to move fluids , drain-waste-vent systems use fittings whose interior surfaces are as smooth as possible. Freshly cut ends of pipe segments are carefully deburred to remove projecting slivers of material which may snag debris which can build up to cause blockages. This internal smoothness also makes it easier to “snake out” or “rod out” a clogged pipe with a plumber’s snake. An elbow is installed between two lengths of pipe to allow a change of direction, usually a 90° or 45° angle; 22.5° elbows are also available.

They are used to connect pipework together and form angles. Plumbing fittings come in various different types to reduce the flow size from larger to smaller or to change the direction of flow between two pieces of pipework. Choose from metal or plastic fittings and various pack sizes.

The larger-diameter hub was also called a “bell” because of its shape. Adequate ventilation is essential to remove metal fumes from welding operations, and personal protective equipment must be worn. Because the high temperatures during welding can often generate intense ultraviolet light, dark goggles or full face shields must be used to protect the eyes.